Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

Botanical Name: Capsicum annuum
Common Name: Cayenne Pepper
Open-Pollinated | Non-GMO | Annual

Cayenne Pepper is a classic hot chilli known for its slender, bright red fruits and robust spicy flavor. Ideal for Irish gardeners growing under glass or in polytunnels, this variety thrives in protected environments, delivering a dependable harvest of pungent, versatile peppers perfect for fresh use, drying, or cooking.

The seed for this variety was kindly shared by Paul Lyons of seedsandstuff.ie, supporting heritage seed saving and local growing initiatives.

Horticultural Points

• Fruit Size: Thin, tapered pods approximately 7–10 cm long
• Color: Bright red at maturity
• Heat Level: Medium to hot (about 30,000–50,000 Scoville Heat Units)
• Plant Size: Medium height, 60–90 cm tall
• Days to Maturity: 75–90 days from transplant under protection
• Yield: High, with a long fruiting period

Growing Information (Irish Conditions)

• Sow Indoors: Late January to early March for best results
• Growing Environment: Greenhouse or heated polytunnel strongly recommended
• Transplant after the last frost and the soil warms (April–May)
• Light: Full sun in greenhouse or sheltered spot
• Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil with added organic matter; pH 6.0–7.0
• Watering: Keep soil evenly moist, avoid overwatering
• Feeding: Balanced liquid feed every 10-14 days during flowering and fruiting
• Spacing: 40-50 cm apart
• Harvest: Pick when bright red and fully mature for the best flavor and heat

Historical Background

• Cayenne peppers have a long history in Central and South America as a staple hot spice, prized for their pungency and culinary versatility.
• The name “Cayenne” is derived from the city of Cayenne in French Guiana.
• This particular variety has been embraced by European growers for greenhouse cultivation due to its adaptability to cooler climates and controlled growing environments like those common in Ireland.

Gardening Tip

• Keep temperatures stable in your greenhouse and ensure good air circulation to reduce disease risk.
• Regular harvesting encourages continuous production and intensifies fruit heat.